The rocket uses a 17-foot (5.2 m) wide, 43-foot (13.1 m) tall payload fairing except when flying SpaceX’s own Dragon spacecraft. The first stage total thrust is rated at 1,710,000 lbf (7,607 kN) of thrust at sea level the second-stage Merlin is rated at 210,000 lbf (934 kN) thrust in vacuum. The first stage employs nine SpaceX Merlin engines, while its second stage flies with a single vacuum-rated Merlin engine. The Falcon 9 launch vehicle is a two-stage vehicle using kerosene (RP-1) and liquid oxygen (LOx) propellants for both stages. Upon separation, the center core will also return to Earth and the second stage will send the payload to orbit. The center core will burn slightly longer before shutting down and separating. Once separated, the two booster cores will perform their own “flip” maneuvers to begin re-entry and landing sequences. The port and starboard cores, acting as boosters, will burn out first and separate from the remaining core. Like Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy’s gimbaled Merlin engines will perform pitch, yaw, and roll maneuvers as the rocket heads out over the Atlantic. Launching only from LC-39A, Falcon Heavy will consist of three Falcon 9 cores sporting a total of 27 engines. Upon arrival, the vehicle deploys a set of landing legs and sets itself down upright. Using a combination of reaction control thrusters, forward-mounted grid fins, and thrust from one to three of the main engines, the first stage flies either to a remotely-operated ship in the Atlantic Ocean, or to land. Boost-backĪfter being jettisoned, the first stage initiates a flip maneuver and begins a powered return back to Earth. Once the second stage orbit ignites, the payload fairing is jettisoned. Following first stage separation, the second stage Merlin ignites and takes the payload to a parking orbit before igniting again to place the payload into its final orbit. The first stage burns for 162 seconds before burning out and being jettisoned. Pitch, law, and roll control are all handled by the engines, which are gimbal mounted. Falcon 9įalcon 9 lifts off when all nine Merlin engines come up to full power. The transition of Florida launch operations from SLC-40 to LC-39A may take place in 2017. SpaceX is also in the process of modifying Kennedy Space Center’s Launch Complex 39A–the complex formerly used for Apollo and Space Shuttle Launches–to support Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launch operations. SpaceX has launched Falcon 9 from Space Launch Complex 40 (SLC-40) at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida as well as Space Launch Complex 4 (SLC-4) at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. SpaceX also plans to launch a “Heavy” version of the vehicle, which will employ three Falcon 9 stages for payloads going beyond low Earth orbit. Operations in Florida will also need to await repairs to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station’s Space Launch Complex 40 or transfer to Kennedy Space Center’s Launch Complex 39A.Īt present, the Falcon 9 is slated to launch the Crew Dragon spacecraft to the ISS in 2018 under NASA’s Commercial Crew Program (CCP). Vehicle operations were been suspended until the cause of the anomaly was identified and rectified. Air Force in 2016.įalcon 9 has flown successfully 27 times, with one in-flight failure in 2015 and one ground test anomaly on September 1, 2016, both of which resulted in the loss of the vehicle and the payload. The Falcon 9 has launched satellites for commercial customers, cargo for the ISS, and was awarded a contract by the U.S. The Falcon 9 is also the first commercially designed and built vehicle to launch spacecraft to the International Space Station (ISS). It is the first, and only, rocket to fly and soft-land a first stage after it has sent payloads to orbit. The Falcon 9 is a medium- to heavy-lift launch vehicle designed and built by Hawthorne, California-based Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX).
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